/-A^'^6U^-/-^ 


O.  E.  S.  Library.  Cop.  ^-  i 


THE 

CoMBcticiit  Airlciiltiral  Eipraeit  Statioi. 

NEW   HAA^EN,  CONl^T. 


BULLETIN    No.    94. 

APRIL,    1888. 


NOTICE. 


The  Bulletins  and  Reports  of  this  Station  are  sent  free  to  every 
citizen  of  Connecticut  Avho  applies  for  them.  As  required  by 
law,  two  copies  of  each  Bulletin  are  sent  to  every  post-office  in 
the  State.  One  copy  is  sent  to  every  Connecticut  newspaper  and 
to  every  Grange,  Farmers'  Club  and  Agricultural  Society.  Bul- 
letins and  reports  are  also  sent  to  the  leading  agricultural  news- 
papers of  the  East  and  will  be  sent  to  any  agricultural  paper  that 
may  desire  to  exchange. 

During  the  next  two  months  agents  of  the  Station  will  visit  all 
sections  of  the  State  to  draw  samples  of  fertilizers.  At  request 
of  Granges,  Farmers'  Clubs  or  other  organizations  which  have 
bought  fertilizers  in  considerable  quantity  the  Station  will  en- 
deavor to  send  an  agent  to  draw  samples  from  the  stock  before 
it  is  distributed.  For  gratuitous  analyses  in  such  cases  it  is 
required  that  the  prices  paid  for  the  fertilizers  shall  be  made 
known  to  the  Station.  This  information  is  necessary  in  order  to 
make  the  analyses  of  value  to  the  public. 

The  Station  will  be  glad  to  receive  notice  from  farmers  of  any 
new  brands  of  fertilizers  which  are  being  introduced  into  the 
State. 


The    Trade- Values    for    1888    of   Fertilizing   Ingredients 
IN  Raw  Materials  and  Chemicals. 

The  average  Trade- Values  or  retail  cost  per  pound  of  the  ordi- 
narily occurring  forms  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash  as 
found  in  the  New  England,  New  York  and  New  Jersey  markets, 
are  as  follows  : 

Cts. 
per  lb. 

Nitrogen  in  ammonia  salts -_. — -  17^ 

nitrates - -  16 

Organic  nitrogen  in  dry  and  fine  ground  fish,  meat,  blood,  cotton-seed  meal 

and  castor-pomace ..- 16|- 

in  fine  bone  and  tankage -.  16-| 

in  fine  medium  bone  and  tankage 13 

in  medium  bone  and  tankage 10^ 

in  coarser  bone  and  tankage 8|- 

in  hair,  horn  shavings  and  coarse  fish  scrap 8 

Phosphoric  acid,  soluble  in  water 8 

in  ammonium  citrate* '7^ 

in  dry  ground  fish,  fine  bone  and  tankage 1 

in  fine-medium  bone  and  tankage 6 

in  medium  bone  and  tankage 5 

in  coarser  bone  and  tankage 4 

in  fine  ground  rock  phosphate 2 

Potash  as  high-grade  Sulphate  and  in  forms  free  from  Muriate  (or  Chlorides)  5^ 

as  kainit 4J 

as  muriate 4^ 

*  Dissolved  from  2  grams  of  the  unground  phosphate  previously  extracted  with 
pure  water,  by  100  c.  c.  neutral  solution  of  Ammonium  Citrate,  sp.  gr.  1.09,  in 
30  minutes,  at  65°  C,  with  agitation  once  in  five  minutes.  Commonly  called 
''reverted"  or  "backgone"  Phosphoric  Acid. 

These  Trade- Values  have  been  agreed  upon  by  the  Experi- 
ment stations  of  New  Jersey,  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  for 
use  in  their  respective  States  during  1888.  They  are  the  average 
prices  at  which  in  the  six  months  preceding  March  the  respective 
ingredients  could  be  bought  at  retail  for  cash  in  our  large  mar- 
kets, in  the  raw  materials  which  are  the  regular  source  of  supply. 
They  also  correspond  to  the  average  wholesale  prices  for  the  six 
months  ending  March  1st,  plus  about  20  per  cent,  in  case  of 
goods  for  which  we  have  wholesale  quotations.  The  valuations 
obtained  by  use  of  the  above  figures  will  be  found  to  agree  fairly 
with  the  average  retail  price  at  the  large  markets  of  standard  raw 
materials  such  as : 


Siilpliate  of  AniiTioiiia,  Azotin, 

Nitrate  of  Soda,  Ammonite, 

Dried  Blood,  Dry  Ground  Ush, 

Muriate  of  Potash,  Bono  and  Tankage, 

Sulphate  of  Potasli,  Ground  So.  Carolina   Rock, 

Plain  Superphosphate. 


Trade  Values   in   Superphosphates,  Special  Manures   and 
Mixed  Fertilizers  of  High  Grade. 

The  organic  nitrogen  in  these  classes  of  goods  is  reckoned  at 
the  price  of  nitrogen  in  raw  materials  of  the  best  quality. 

Insoluble  Phosphoric  Acid  is  reckoned  at  3  cents,  unless  found 
to  be  from  rock  phosphate.  In  this  latter  form  Insoluble  Phos- 
phoric Acid  costs  but  2  cents  per  pound.  Potash  is  rated  at  4^ 
cents,  if  sufficient  chlorine  is  present  in  the  fertilizer  to  combine 
with  it  to  make  muriate.  If  there  is  more  Potash  present  than 
will  combine  with  the  chlorine,  then  this  excess  of  Potash  is 
reckoned  at  5^  cents. 

In  most  cases  the  valuation  of  the  Ingredients  in  Superphos- 
phates and  Specials  falls  below  the  retail  price  of  these  goods. 
The  difference  between  the  two  figures  represents  the  manufac- 
turer's charges  for  converting  raw  materials  into  manufactured 
articles.  These  charges  are  for  grinding  and  mixing,  bagging  or 
barreling,  storage  and  transportation,  commission  to  agents  and 
dealers,  long  credits,  interest  on  investment,  bad  debts,  and 
finally,  profits. 

The  majority  of  manufacturers  agree  that  the  average  cost  of 
mixing,  bagging,  handling  and  cartage  ranges  from  $3.00  to 
$4.50  per  ton. 

In  1887  the  average  selling  price  of  Ammoniated  Superphos- 
phates and  Guanos  was  $35.74,  the  average  valuation  was  $28.45, 
and  the  difference  $7.29 — an  advance  of  25.6  per  cent,  on  the  val- 
uation and  on  the  wholesale  cost  of  the  fertilizing  elements  in  the 
raw  materials. 

In  case  of  Specials  the  average  cost  was  $42.52,  the  average 
valuation  $35.20,  and  the  difference  $7.32,  or  20.9  per  cent, 
advance  on  the  valuation. 

To  obtain  the  Vahcation  of  a  Fertilizer  (i.  e.  the  money-worth 
of  its  fertilizing  ingredients),  we  multiply  the  pounds  per  ton  of 
Nitrogen,  etc.,  by  the  trade-value  per  pound.     We  thus  get  the 


values   per    ton  of  the   several   ingredients,   and   adding   them 
together  we  obtain  the  total  valuation  per  ton. 

The  analyses  given  in  this  Bulletin  are  chiefly  of  raw  materials 
and  show  their  quality  and  the  actual  cost  of  the  nitrogen,  phos- 
phoric acid  or  potash  which  they  contain. 

NiTEATE  OF  Soda. 

2190.  Sold  by  the  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co.,  Middletown,  guar- 
antee 98.75  pure  nitrate  of  soda. 

2176.  Sold  by  L.   Sanderson,    New  Haven,  guarantee  19-20 

ammonia. 

Analyses. 

3190  2176 

Moisture 35  .85 

Salt  (sodium  chloride). _ .23  .33 

Sulphate  of  soda .21  .16 

Pure  nitrate  of  soda.- 99.21  98.66 

100.00       100.00 
Contains  nitrogen 16.3*1         16.28 

Costperton $52.00         50.00 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound 15.9  cts.    15.4  cts. 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia. 

2213.  Made  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth.  From  stock  bought 
by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford,  for  home  mixtures. 

2217.  Made  by  C.  Meyer,  Ji*.  From  stock  bought  and  sam- 
pled by  C.  T.  Merwin  &  Son,  Milford. 

Analyses. 

2213  221T 

Nitrogen ..      .     20.15  20.12 

Equivalent  Hoimonia 24.46  24.42 

Costperton $'71.60*  71.60* 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound 17.8  cts.        17.9  cts. 

*  Ton  lots  in  MUford. 

Cotton  Seed  Meal. 

2172.  Sold  by  F.  S.  Harmon,  Suffield.  Sampled  and  sent  by 
H.  K.  Wright,  Suffield. 

2173.  Sold  by  W.  W.  Cooper,  Suffield.  Sampled  and  sent  by 
H.  K.  Wright,  Suffield. 


5 

2201.  Sold  l)y  J.  E.  Sopor  &  Co.,  Boston.     Sampled  and  sent 
by  C.  W,  Austin,  Sutticld,  from  stock  bought  by  him. 

2202.  Light  colored,  from  stock  of  R.  H.  Ensign,  Simsbury. 
Sampled  and  sent  by  J.  C.  Eddy,  Simsbury. 

2203.  Bark  colored,  from  stock  of  J.  &  H.  Woodford,  Avon, 
Sampled  and  sent  by  J.  C.  Eddy,  Simsbury. 

Analyses. 

3172   3173  3301  3303  3303 

Nitrogen 7.38    7.13  6.95  7.65  6.97 

Phosphoric  acid 3.06         3.40  3.11  2.81  3.60 

Potash 1.91         1.91  1.96  1.81  2.09 

Cost  per  ton $25.00       26.00       25.00       25.00       25.00 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound*  12.6  cts.  13.4  cts.  ]3.3[cts.  12.5  cts.  12.7  els. 

*  Reckoning  phosphoric  acid  at  7  cents  and  potash  at  5^  cents  per  pound. 

Cotton  seed  meal  at  the  present  time  is  one  of  the  cheapest 
sources  of  organic  nitrogen. 

Dissolved  Bone  Black. 

2182.  Sold  by  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven,  guaranteed  16-18 
per  cent,  available. 

2214.  Sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.,  guaranteed  16-18 
per  cent,  available.     From  stock  bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 

Analyses. 

3183  3314 

Sohible  pliosphoric  acid 15.68  14.55 

Reverted  phosphoric  acid .85  2.39 

Insoluble  phosphoric  acid none  .20 

Cost $26.00  26.00 

Soluble  phosphoric  acid  costs  per  pound* 7.9  cts.  8.2  eta. 

*  Reckoning  reverted  acid  at  7^  cents  and  insoluble  at  2  cents  per  pound. 

Potash  Salts. 
Muriates. 

2177.  Stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven,  80-85  per  cent, 
miiriate  guaranteed. 

2188.  Stock  of  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co.,  Middletown,  80  per 
cent,  muriate  guaranteed. 

2212.  Sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  L,  82  per  cent, 
muriate  guaranteed.     From  stock  bought  by^G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 


6 


Sulphates. 

2178.  Stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  IsTew  Haven,  guaranteed  50-55 
per  cent,  sulphate  of  potash. 

2209.  Sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  95  per  cent,  sulphate 
guaranteed.    From  stock  bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford. 


2177 

Actual  potash 51.17 

Equivalent  m  uriate 81.0 

Equivalent  sulphate 

Cost  wr  ton $41.50 


Pstash  costs  per  pound 


Potash  Muriate 

Potash  Sulphate. 

2188 

2212 

2178        2209 

50.88 

52.52 

27.76       51.28 

80.6 

83.2 







51.3         94.8 

43.00 

40.00 

30.00       60.00 

cts.    4,21  cts. 

4.0  cts. 

5.4  cts.    6.0  cts. 

CoTTOK  Hull  Ashes. 

2184.  Sold  by  Charles  L,  Spencer,  Suffield.  Sampled  and  sent 
by  C.  M.  Owen,  Suffield. 

2198.  Sold  by  J.  E.  Soper  &  Co.,  Boston.  Sampled  and  sent 
by  J.  A.  DuBon,  Suffield. 

2204.  Sold  by  J.  E.  Soper  &  Co.,  Boston.  Sampled  and  sent 
by  H.  W.  Alford,  Poquonock. 

Analyses. 

2184  2198  2204 

Soluble  phosphoric  acid .32  2.56  1.64 

Reverted  phosphoric  acid_ 6.98  7.24  7.08 

Insoluble  phosphoric  acid .91  .67  1.36 

Potash 22.67  25.56  23.78 

Costperton $35.00  *  * 

Valuation  per  ton $36.28         43.35         39.94 

Potash  cost  per  poundf 5.2  cts 

*  $30  in  car  lots. 

f  Reckoning  soluble  and  reverted  phosphoric  acid  as  in  mixed  fertilizers  and 
insoluble  phosphoric  acid  at  2  cents  per  pound. 


Bone  akd  Tankage. 
Tankage. 
2175.  Western  Tankage.     Stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven. 
Guarantee  6-8  ammonia,  10-12  phosphoric  acid. 

2183.  New  York  Tankage.  Stock  of  L.  Sanderson.  Guar- 
antee 6-8  ammonia,  10-12  phosphoric  acid. 

2210.  New  York  Tankage.  Sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth. 
From  stock  bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford.  Guarantee  9  ammo- 
nia, 5  phosphoric  acid. 


Bone. 

2208.  Bradley's  Pure  Fine  Bone.  Made  by  Bradley  Fertilizer 
Co.,  Boston,  Mass.  From  stock  purchased  by  Greens  Farms 
Farmer's  Club.     Guarantee  3.3  nitrogen,  21  phospboric  acid. 

2179,  2180  and  2181.  Different  consignments  of  bone.  Stock 
of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven.  Guarantee  3.5-4  ammonia,  20-22 
phosphoric  acid. 

2185.  Raw  Knuckle  Bone  Flour.  Guarantee  3.9  nitrogen, 
24.6  phosphoric  acid. 

2191.  Pure  Ground  AX  Bone.  Guarantee  3.9  nitrogen,  22.5 
phosphoric  acid. 

2192.  Strictly  Pure  Fine  Bone.  Guarantee  3.8  nitrogen,  22.7 
phosphoric  acid. 

The  three  last  are  from  stock  made  and  sold  by  the  Rogers  & 
Hubbard  Co.,  Middletown,  with  guarantee  that  the  cost  f.  o.  b. 
Middletown  shall  not  exceed  valuation. 

2211.  Sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.  From  stock 
bought  by  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford.  Guarantee  4-5  ammonia,  20-22 
phosphoric  acid. 


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